Diabetes effect in heart,blood vessels,eyes,nerves and kidneys

Author : Bhadresh Bundela

Over 18 million people in the United States have diabetes, which is the leading cause of
kidney failure. In fact, almost 45% of all kidney failure cases are caused by diabetes.
Drugs and diet can help manage diabetes and prevent complications, but some people
may still develop kidney disease, even with good medical care.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes happens when the body cannot make or use insulin correctly. Insulin is a
hormone that helps all cells of our body to absorb sugar from the food we eat and convert
it into energy. This energy is used by every cell of our body to perform its function and
metabolism. When a person has diabetes, too much sugar stays in the blood as cells can
not absorb it. This can damage different parts of the body, including the heart, blood
vessels, eyes, nerves and kidneys. There are a few different types of diabetes:
Type 1: The body cannot make insulin. It is also called “juvenile diabetes”.
Type 2: The body cannot use the insulin that it makes, or the insulin that it makes does
not work correctly.
Gestational: Diabetes during pregnancy.
Who is at risk?
Anyone can develop diabetes, but some people are more at risk than others. You are at
greater risk for diabetes if you:
-> Are over 45 years old.
-> Are overweight.
-> Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian.
-> Have a family history of diabetes.
-> Have high cholesterol.
-> Have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
-> Have given birth to a baby that weighed more than 9 lbs.
-> Exercise less than 3 times a week.
While you cannot change some of these factors, you can change others. For example,
you cannot change your age, but you can exercise more often. These kinds of changes
will help reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

How will I know if I have diabetes?
Diabetes often has no symptoms or warning signs. The only way to be sure is to have
your blood tested for glucose (blood sugar). If symptoms do appear, they might include:
-> Feeling tired
-> Feeling irritable
-> Urinating more than normal
-> Being very thirsty
-> Being very hungry
-> Unexplained weight loss
-> Blurred vision
If you are experiencing some of these symptoms or think that you might be at risk for
diabetes, be sure to talk to your doctor about getting tested.
What can I do to prevent diabetes?
-> Healthy eating and exercise habits are the best way to prevent diabetes.
These are also great ways to help keep diabetes in control if you already
have it.
-> To eat healthy, pick foods that are nutrient-rich. This means that they
have many vitamins, but not much fat or sugar. When it comes to foods
that are high in sugar, like ice cream or cookies, make sure that you are
not overeating. You can still eat these foods, but eat them in moderation.
-> Exercising three or four times a week is another way to lower your risk of
developing diabetes. For example, you might go for walks, run, bike,
swim, join a local sports team or try a dance class. The key here is to start
small and find something that you enjoy.
What if I already have diabetes?
If you already have diabetes, you can lessen your chance of developing kidney disease by
keeping your blood sugar under control. Some ways to do this are to:
-> Check your blood sugar often.
-> Ask your doctor about a blood test called “hemoglobin A1C.” This tests
how your normal blood sugars have been over the past 2 or 3 months. It is
a kind of “report card” for your blood sugar.
-> Follow your doctor’s advice about insulin injections, medicines, diet and
exercise.

You can also reduce your risk for kidney failure if you:
-> Monitor your blood pressure. If your blood pressure is high, talk to your
doctor about taking an ACE inhibitor.
-> Have your doctor check your urine for protein.
-> Ask your doctor to calculate your eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration
rate). This number is based on the creatinine level in your blood, as well
as your age, sex and race.
Type I: The pancreas fails to produce the amount of insulin that is required to control
serum levels of glucose. Generally, these individuals must take insulin intravenously.
There are many theories on what causes Type I diabetes-
1. Genetic factors
2. Infectious agents that may cause an immune disorder
3. An immune disorder that is precipitated by a mutant protein called GAD that is
secreted by the same cells that secrete insulin, are possible causes.
One theory is that the immune system attempts to attack the cell that produces the
mutated protein. It suppresses and eventually destroys this cell which also produces
insulin.
Another theory is that an infectious agent attacks the pancreas. The immune system
attacks the infectious agent and subsequently suppresses or destroys the insulinproducing
cells that are infected. Once the cells are actually dead, there is no way to
revive them. If the immune system ceases the attack while the cells are only
suppressed, the cells may begin to produce insulin again.

Looking forward for your valuable comments.
Rgds,
Bhadresh

For More Information contact bhadreshbundela@gmail.com / bhadresh6668@gmail.com

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